including headings First steps, English trade in the east, Virginia, Pilgrim Fathers, Massachusetts and New England, ...
In the spirit of the 1960s, when the British empire is being rapidly dismantled, independence follows only a year after Bechuanaland's internal self-government. The new republic takes the name Botswana, with Seretse Kham...
The Jews are joined by other minority religious groups when immigration begins from new areas of the British empire - from Africa and above all from the Indian subcontinent, introducing to Britain three important religio...
The more widely acceptable name, also in common use, is Britain. Its prevalence is reflected in phrases such as the British empire (something which even the English have never claimed as their own) and in the colloquial...
In international affairs the Attlee government (with Ernest Bevin as foreign secretary) introduces a major change of direction, beginning the dismantling of the British empire. The empire becomes gradually transformed in...
Under the terms agreed in Paris in 1783, the regions historically settled by the French now become the only remaining part of the British empire in America. The territory along the St Lawrence, from Nova Scotia i...
From the early nineteenth-century the Temperance Movement has grown steadily in strength in the USA, as also in Britain and in parts of the British empire. During the First World War it benefits from a new and practical...
By the 1960s the economy of Swaziland is making considerable progress, with the export of wood from the densely forested mountainous area in the west and of sugar from plantations in the more low-lying eastern regions.
That evening there are fireworks and bonfires all round the country, and the next day (June 22) the queen joins 30,000 schoolchildren for a huge party in Hyde Park. Each child is given a bun and a Jubilee mug full of mil...
The French neurosis about being tainted by English (though the intrusion is trivial compared to the overwhelming effect of Norman French on English in the past) is linked to a wider aspect of the evolutionary struggle be...
On one thorny issue a compromise is reached, allowing the former colonies (now to be provinces) to keep their own local traditions. The Cape colony, which has eliminated race as a consideration in the franchise, is allow...
There is frequent border warfare between Persia and its neighbours on either side, but for a century and more the three regions are relatively stable and prosperous.Then, during the 18th century, Persia is shaken...
The early game is most famous for the legendary moment when Francis Drake is supposedly playing on Plymouth Hoe in 1588. He is urged to hurry when news comes of the approach of the Armada, but he coolly replies: 'There i...
Stuart rule in England can be characterized by three main themes, each of them evident early in the reign of James I. One is the relationship with parliament; here James begins so badly that within a year the commons fee...
At a time of increasing nationalism, during the 19th century, communal identity is often expressed through commitment to a language. Language is everyone's earliest personal acquisition. It is a secret territory shared w...
