Boudicca launches a devastating attack on Roman soldiers and settlers, destroying their headquarters at Colchester

The Zealots play a prominent part in the uprising which expels the Romans from Jerusalem

Titus recovers Jerusalem for Rome, after four years of Jewish rule

The complete destruction of the Jewish Temple follows the fall of Jerusalem to the Romans

Agricola, appointed Roman governor of Britain in AD 77, establishes Chester as a stronghold from which to control the Welsh tribes

Agricola defeats the tribes of Scotland at an unidentified place called Mons Graupius, probably almost as far north as Aberdeen

After two campaigns by Trajan the rich region of Dacia (today's Romania) is brought under Rome's control

The emperor Hadrian, visiting Britain, orders the construction of a great wall from coast to coast to keep out the Caledonian tribes

After the Roman recovery of Jerusalem from Simon Bar-Cochba, all Jews are expelled from the city

The emperor Antoninus Pius gives orders for the construction of a defensive earthwork, to the north of Hadrian's Wall

The Romans annexe Doura-Europus, giving it its most prosperious period as a frontier town between the Roman and Persian empires

Roman legions begin to be withdrawn from Britain, leaving the Celtic population increasingly vulnerable

The Vandals cross the Rhine into Gaul and move into Spain, from which the Visigoths soon push them on into Africa

Angles, Saxons and other Germanic groups invade southern England and steadily push the Celts westwards

The city of Tiwanaku develops to the south of Lake Titicaca, and soon dominates the surrounding region

The Byzantine general Belisarius recovers Carthage from the Vandals

Belisarius lands in Sicily at the start of a five-year campaign to recover Ravenna for the Byzantine emperor

Most of Spain is by now in the hands of the Visigoths, though for a while the Byzantines win back territories in the south

Jerusalem falls to the Persian emperor Khosrau II after a siege of a month, and it is said that 60,000 Christians are massacred

The Arabs defeat a Persian army at Kadisiya and then sack the city of Ctesiphon, effectively bringing to an end the Sassanian dynasty

The Arab capture of Jerusalem brings Palestine and Syria under Muslim control

The unopposed capture of Alexandria by the Arabs completes the Muslim conquest of Egypt

The Coptic Christians of Egypt become isolated after the Muslim conquest

The Vikings develop the fast and narrow longships with which they raid across the North Sea

The Arabs establish a garrison town at Kairouan, as a base for the conquest of northwest Africa