Events relating to the roman empire
Charles IV, king of Bohemia, German king and Holy Roman emperor, makes Prague a glittering centre of learning and architecture
Charles IV establishes a permanent group of seven electors - four hereditary German rulers and the archbishops of Mainz, Cologne and Trier
The office of Holy Roman emperor becomes a hereditary title within the Habsburg dynasty

Maximilian, heir to Austria, weds Mary, heiress to Burgundy, in the first of the great marriage alliances which form the Habsburg empire
Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances
The death of Ferdinand II results in Spain becoming part of the Habsburg empire, under the rule of Charles V (as Charles I of Spain)
Charles V abdicates, handing the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip and the title of Holy Roman emperor to his brother Ferdinand
The division by Charles V of his territories means that there are now two Habsburg empires, Austrian and Spanish
The Hungarian diet grants the Habsburg dynasty in Austria a hereditary right to the crown of St Stephen
English historian Edward Gibbon, sitting among ruins in Rome, conceives the idea of Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

English historian Edward Gibbon publishes the first volume of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Joseph II passes an Edict of Toleration, for the first time allowing Protestant worship in Habsburg territories
Francis II formally brings to an end the 1000-year-old Holy Roman Empire, to keep it from the clutches of Napoleon
Rome becomes the capital city of the entire Italian peninsula, for the first time since the Roman empire
Mussolini plans a new Roman empire, reaching like the first one round the entire Mediterranean