Events relating to the roman empire

Charles IV, king of Bohemia, German king and Holy Roman emperor, makes Prague a glittering centre of learning and architecture

Maximilian, heir to Austria, weds Mary, heiress to Burgundy, in the first of the great marriage alliances which form the Habsburg empire

Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances

The death of Ferdinand II results in Spain becoming part of the Habsburg empire, under the rule of Charles V (as Charles I of Spain)

Charles V abdicates, handing the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip and the title of Holy Roman emperor to his brother Ferdinand

The division by Charles V of his territories means that there are now two Habsburg empires, Austrian and Spanish

Joseph II passes an Edict of Toleration, for the first time allowing Protestant worship in Habsburg territories

Francis II formally brings to an end the 1000-year-old Holy Roman Empire, to keep it from the clutches of Napoleon

Rome becomes the capital city of the entire Italian peninsula, for the first time since the Roman empire

Mussolini plans a new Roman empire, reaching like the first one round the entire Mediterranean

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