Events relating to athens
US author Nathaniel Hawthorne publishes Fanshawe, his first novel, at his own expense
The French painter Gustave Courbet moves from his native town of Ornans to Paris
St Peter’s, in Petersham, is almost doubled in size, with new galleries and a much enlarged south transept
The first issue of the quarterly magazine The Dial is issued by the Transcendentalists meeting at Ralph Waldo Emerson's home

With a teetotallers' rail trip for 570 people, Thomas Cook introduces the notion of the package tour
Isambard Kingdom Brunel launches the Great Britain, the first iron steamship designed for the transatlantic passenger trade
William Hickling Prescott brings the Conquistadors dramatically to life in his 3-volume History of the Conquest of Mexico
Dr Weiss, soon to be followed by Dr Ellis, establishes a hydropathy clinic at Sudbrook Park, which runs for twenty years despite accusations of manslaughter when patients die following the cold water-treatment
James Polk pledges in his presidential campaign to include the self-proclaimed republic of Texas in the USA
The Young Men's Christian Association is founded in London by British drapery assistant George Williams
Louis Philippe, now King of France, visits Orleans House during a royal visit to Britain.
The expansionist slogan 'Manifest Destiny' is coined by journalist John L. O'Sullivan to emphasize the right of the USA to extend west to the Pacific
Mary Anne Evans' translation from the German of David Friedrich Strauss's controversial Life of Jesus is published anonymously
At a congress in London Engels persuades a group of radical Germans to adopt the name Communist League
Don Pacifico's house in Athens is burnt by an anti-Semitic crowd, provoking an international incident
William Hickling Prescott follows his great work on Mexico with a 2-volume History of the Conquest of Peru
The Prussian army is the first to adopt a breech-loading rifle, the 'needle-gun' developed by gunsmith Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse

Prince Albert is the driving force behind the plans for a Great Exhibition in London
The British government buys the Danish fortresses on the Gold Coast, including Christiansborg castle in Accra
As many as 50,000 US pioneers travel west this year on the Oregon Trail
Brazil, historically the world's second largest importer of slaves from Africa, finally bans the slave trade
Marian Evans meets the journalist George Henry Lewes in William Jeff's bookshop in Burlington Arcade
French physicist Léon Foucault demonstrates the rotation of the earth by means of a long pendulum suspended in the Pantheon in Paris
Marian Evans (her new spelling of her name) moves to London and gets a job as subeditor of Westminster Review
In London's Great Exhibition numerous examples of Pugin's designs and craftsmanship are displayed by different exhibitors