Events relating to athens

The Swedish king Charles XII suffers his first major defeat in a brilliant career, when he faces the Russians at Poltava

James Johnston, Secretary of State for Scotland, commissions John James to design his new house, to become known later as Orleans House.

The postchaise, introduced in France, provides the first chance of reasonably comfortable travel by land

With the transfer of Swedish territory on the Baltic coast, Russia becomes the dominant power in the region

The Iroquois League becomes known as the Six Nations, after the Tuscarora join the group

Work starts on Maids of Honour Row, four magnificent houses commissioned as lodgings for the ladies-in-waiting to the Princess of Wales

John and Charles Wesley form a Holy Club at Oxford which becomes the cradle of Methodism

A revivalist movement in America, led by Jonathan Edwards, becomes known as the Great Awakening

Muhammad ibn Saud begins the expansion of power that will lead eventually to the establishment of Saudi Arabia

A tribal leader, Ahmad Shah Abdali, is elected king of the Afghans in an event seen as the foundation of the Aghan nation

In Freedom of Will American evangelist Jonathan Edwards makes an uncompromising defence of orthodox against liberal Calvinism

The British colonies negotiate with the Iroquois at the Albany Congress, in the face of the French threat in the Ohio valley

The first Conestoga wagons are acquired by George Washington for an expedition through the Alleghenies

William Pitt the Elder becomes secretary of state and transforms the British war effort against France in America

In the treaty of Paris France cedes to Britain all its territory north of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi river, except the district of New Orleans

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