istoryworld
Events relating to athens
Francis Xavier, companion of Ignatius Loyola and the first missionary of the Counter-Reformation, sets sail from Lisbon
New Laws are passed in Spain, in an attempt to protect the Indians on the encomiendas of Spanish America
Francis Xavier reaches Goa, at the start of the great mission to the east that will last the nine years until his death
Pope Paul III establishes the Roman Inquisition, with the specific task of fighting against the Protestant heresy
The first Europeans reach Japan by accident, blown ashore in a storm
3000 Waldenses are massacred as heretics in the villages of Provence
A council of the Roman Catholic church is convened in Trent, to establish the tenets of the Counter-Reformation
David Beaton, the archbishop of St Andrews, burns a leading Protestant, George Wishart, as a heretic and is murdered in retaliation
John Knox is captured in St Andrews and is sent to serve in the French fleet as a galley slave
The first version of the English prayer book, or Book of Common Prayer, is published with text by Thomas Cranmer
Thomas Cranmer is burnt at the stake in Oxford, after reasserting his Protestant beliefs
Africans, bought in the Portuguese trading posts of west Africa, are shipped across the Atlantic as slaves
Mary I succeeds to the English throne, and devotes her energies to the restoration of the Catholic faith
Mary I causes grave offence in England by her marriage to the Catholic heir to the king of Spain
The Peace of Augsburg achieves a compromise which for a while solves the religious tensions deriving from the Reformation
The Protestant martyrs, though few in number, ensure the reputation of Bloody Mary in English history
The division by Charles V of his territories means that there are now two Habsburg empires, Austrian and Spanish
John Knox returns to Scotland from Geneva and inspires the Protestants to march on Edinburgh
A national synod of France's Protestants, the Huguenots, is convened in Paris
Mary Queen of Scots returns from France to Edinburgh, and to an inevitable clash with John Knox
The bishop of Transylvania, Ferenc Dávid, preaches that only God the Father is divine, launching the Unitarian faith
The Book of Common Prayer and the New Testament are published in Welsh, to be followed by the complete Bible in 1588
The duke of Alba introduces a reign of terror in the Spanish Netherlands, by means of a tribunal known as the Council of Blood
Pope Pius V excommunicates the English queen, Elizabeth I, causing a severe crisis of loyalty for her Catholic subjects
A massacre of French Protestants, known as the Huguenots, begins in Paris on St Bartholomew's Day
