istoryworld
Events relating to italy
British general Harold Alexander is appointed commander-in-chief of all Allied forces in the Italian campaign
On Hitler's orders, the SS rescue Mussolini from house arrest in the mountains of central Italy
All German and Italian troops are by now driven out of Sicily or captured by the Allies
A strong Allied force lands at Salerno, south of Naples
Italy, abandoning her Axis partners, surrenders unconditionally to the Allies
A premature uprising against the Germans in Naples results in a massacre of the inhabitants
The Allies move north from Salerno and capture Naples
Italy changes sides and declares war on her recent ally, Germany
The Germans halt the Allied advance along the Gustav Line, which includes Monte Cassino
Mussolini becomes Hitler's puppet ruler of a new Fascist republic in north Italy
Harold Macmillan negotiates with the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel III, about transition arrangements after Italy's change of side
The monastery and town of Monte Cassino are left in ruins after the Allies finally break through the German defences
Galeazzo Ciano, Mussolini's son-in-law, is sentenced to death at the Verona trials and is executed
In Operation Shingle an Allied force lands at Anzio, on the west coast of Italy behind the German lines
After a campaign of four months the monastery at Monte Cassino is captured, by Polish troops
A multinational Allied force moves fast from Monte Cassino to capture Rome
The Allied advance in Italy comes to a halt at the Gothic Line of German defences, north of Florence
Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, are shot by partisans and their bodies are hung from a gibbet in Milan
Against Hitler's specific orders, the commander of the German army in Italy surrenders to the Allies
Victor Emmanuel III abdicates in favour of his son a month before a referendum on the Italian monarchy
Italian author Primo Levi publishes If This Is a Man, based on his experiences in Auschwitz
Ezra Pound publishes Pisan Cantos, about his postwar imprisonment in an American detention centre near Pisa
Vittorio de Sica directs the film Bicycle Thieves, a classic of Italian neorealism
The Rake's Progress, with music by Igor Stravinsky and libretto by W.H. Auden and Chester Kallman, has its premiere in Venice
Libya wins independence from Italy, as a kingdom with Idris I as head of state
