Events relating to the french empire

A powerful French force arrives in Saint-Domingue and recovers control of the colony, offering generous terms to the native leaders

The independence of Haiti from France is proclaimed by a new black ruler calling himself the emperor Jacques I

The Turkish governor of Algiers, flicking at the French consul with his fly whisk, finds that he has provoked a French blockade and eventually invasion

Abd-el-Kader proclaims a holy war against the French in Algeria and begins a military campaign that will last for eight years

Napoleon III sends forces to capture the port of Da Nang, beginning the French colonization of Vietnam

France invades Tunisia from Algeria, and in the Treaty of Bardo forces the bey of Tunis to accept the status of a French protectorate

French marines land at Tamatave in Madagascar to protect French interests and assert French control

France brings Cambodia and Vietnam into a federation of protectorates under the title French Indochina

The French establish a protectorate in part of the ancient kingdom of Dahomey in west Africa

French and British forces meet at Fashoda, in a potentially explosive incident in the scramble for Africa

Kaiser Wilhelm II visits Tangier in support of Moroccan independence, causing a diplomatic crisis with the colonial powers France and Britain

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