istoryworld
Events relating to italy
Just six weeks after the success of Il Trovatore, Giuseppe Verdi's opera La Traviata is a disaster at its premiere in Venice
Pope Pius IX issues a papal bull declaring that the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary is to be an article of faith for Catholics
Napoleon III and Cavour hatch a secret plan at Plombièes to tempt Austria into war in north Italy, and agree how to divide up the spoils
A French and Piedmontese army liberates Milan from Austrian rule
French and Piedmontese forces defeat the Austrians decisively at Solferino, in a battle involving appalling casualties
The treaty of Turin brings much of north Italy under the control of Cavour (for the kingdom of Sardinia), who in return cedes Savoy and Nice to France
Garibaldi lands at Marsala in Sicily in May with his thousand Redshirts, and wins control of the island for the king in waiting, Victor Emmanuel II
Garibaldi crosses from Sicily to the mainland and by September is in Naples
Victor Emmanuel II is proclaimed king of a united Italy, with only Rome and Venetia remaining outside his realm
Pope Pius IX includes socialism, civil marriage and secular education among eighty modern errors listed in his Syllabus
Austrian rule ends in the Venetian territories, which now join the new kingdom of Italy
Britain, France and Italy take joint control of the finances of a bankrupt Tunisia
Pope Pius IX, rapidly losing temporal authority, declares a new dogma – that the pope, when speaking from the throne, is infallible on matters of faith or morals
As the result of a plebiscite, Rome and the remaining papal states are included in the kingdom of Italy
Rome becomes the capital city of the entire Italian peninsula, for the first time since the Roman empire
Italy, previously non-aligned, signs a Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary
Giuseppe Verdi's opera Otello has its premeiere at La Scala in Milan
In the treaty of Uccialli, Menelik II cedes the Ethiopian province of Eritrea to Italy
Giacomo Puccini has his first success when his opera Manon Lescaut opens in Turin
In Falstaff Giuseppe Verdi writes his last opera, and his only comedy since the early days of his career.
The tenor Enrico Caruso makes his debut in his home town of Naples
21-year-old Guglielmo Marconi succeeds in transmitting a radio signal more than a mile at his home near Bologna
Giacomo Puccini's opera La Bohème has an unsuccessful premiere in Turin
Italy, one of the local colonial powers, accepts Ethiopia's claim to the Ogaden region of the Somali territory
Giacomo Puccini's Tosca brings in the new century with a January premiere in Rome
