istoryworld
Events relating to athens
The second crusade is led east by two kings, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany
By the time Louis VII and Conrad III reach the Holy Land they have lost more than half their joint armies to Muslim attacks
Louis VII and Conrad III do grave harm to the Latin Kingdom by a feeble attack that merely alienates the previously friendly city of Damascus
In feudal France and Germany Charlemagne is by now venerated as a saint
German merchants begin trading along the coasts of Latvia and Estonia, a region to which they give the name Livonia
Henry the Lion builds a new town at Lübeck, well placed to develop as the centre of the Hanseatic League
Normans land in Ireland, seize Wexford, and in the following year capture Waterford and Dublin
In Cairo the Jewish philosoper Moses Maimonides writes, in Arabic, a much translated text with the endearing title Guide to the Perplexed
Resentment of western merchants results in a massacre of Roman Catholics by fellow Christians in Constantinople
A year after succeeding to the throne of England, Richard I sets off east as one of the leaders of the third crusade
The third crusade suffers an early disaster when its first leader, the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, is drowned crossing the Calycadnus river
The Muslim garrison of Acre surrenders to Richard I, who orders the massacre of 2700 of its members
The Teutonic Knights are founded to run a hospital in Acre, in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem
Richard I, returning from the Holy Land in disguise, is recognized in an inn near Vienna and is imprisoned until England pays a massive ransom
The new Christian doctrine of Transubstantiation prompts rumours that the Jews desecrate the consecrated Host
The heresy of the Cathars (meaning 'pure' ones) is now so well established in southern France that they have bishops of their own
The fleet of the fourth crusade departs from Venice - only to be diverted from its purposes by Venetian guile
A German order, the Knights of the Sword, begins the forcible conversion of Latvia and Estonia to Christianity
The crusaders of the fourth crusade besiege, take and destroy the Christian city of Constantinople
Many of the treasures adorning the church of San Marco in Venice are loot taken from Constantinople during the fourth crusade
The murder of the pope's legate to Toulouse provokes the Albigensian crusade, which aims to wipe out the Catharist heresy
St Francis and eleven companions tell Innocent III of their wish for a life of holy poverty in the bustle of the towns
Participants in the Children's Crusade suffer disaster after the waters of the Mediterranean fail to part for them
St Dominic and his companions tell Innocent III of their wish to teach and preach in the bustle of the towns
The Dominicans are formally established by Pope Honorius III as Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum, the Order of the Friars Preachers
