istoryworld
Events relating to italy
Napoleon, in response to his excommunication, has pope Pius VII arrested and kept in captivity in northern Italy and then France
Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro publishes a hypothesis, about the number of molecules in gases, that becomes known as Avogadro's Law
Napoleon goes into exile on the island of Elba, which he immediately treats as a miniature state in need of improvement
The Jesuit Order is restored by Pius VII on his return to Rome
Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville has its premiere in Rome
J.M.W. Turner makes the first of several visits to Venice, and discovers a rich seam of inspiration
English poet John Keats dies in Rome at the age of twenty-five
Percy Bysshe Shelley drowns when sailing in the gulf of Spezia, in northwest Italy, at the age of 29
Italian composer Gioacchino Rossini moves to Paris, where he becomes director of the Théatre Italien
Italian author Alessandro Manzoni begins publication (completed 1827) of his novel I Promessi Sposi ('The Betrothed')
Gioacchino Rossini's opera William Tell has its premiere in Paris
Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini founds Young Italy, an organization to promote insurrection
Gaetano Donizetti's opera L'elisir d'amore has its premiere in Milan
Gaetano Donizetti's opera Lucia di Lammermoor has its premiere in Naples
The success of the opera Nabucco, premiered in Milan, is a turning point in the fortunes of Giuseppe Verdi
Napoleon's widow, the empress Marie Louise, now the duchess of Parma, dies in Parma
Camillo Benso di Cavour founds a newspaper in north Italy and calls it Il Risorgimento ('The Resurgence')
An uprising in Sicily in January starts off Europe's 'year of revolutions'
An uprising in Rome causes Pope Pius IX to flee for safety to a coastal fortress at Gaeta
The prime minister of the papal states, Pellegrino Rossi, is assassinated in Rome
A new Roman republic is proclaimed, with veteran agitator Giuseppe Mazzini in the leading role
Giuseppe Garibaldi arrives from exile in South America to defend the new Roman republic against a French army
Pope Pius IX returns to Rome under the protection of French troops, with his enthusiasm for any form of change much reduced.
Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto, based on a play by Victor Hugo, is a huge success at its premiere in Venice
Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il Trovatore is a success at its premiere in Rome
