istoryworld
Events relating to athens
Omar, another father-in-law of Muhammad, is elected as the second Muslim caliph (the word means 'sucessor to the Messenger of God')
The Coptic Christians of Egypt become isolated after the Muslim conquest
The Book of Durrow, one of the earliest of the great Celtic manuscripts, is written and illuminated in Ireland
Jews and Christians, sharing with Muslims the status of 'people of the book', are promised religious tolerance in the Qur'an
Thonmi Sambhota, a student of Sanskrit, devises a way of writing Tibetan and produces treatises on Tibetan grammar
The king of Northumbria summons a synod at Whitby to hear the arguments of Roman and Celtic Christians, then opts for Rome
Willibrord, recently arrived from England to convert the Frisians, is consecrated archbishop of a new see in Utrecht
Carthage is captured from the Byzantines by the Arabs and is finally destroyed, though Tunis will later rise nearby
The Lindisfarne Gospels are written and illuminated by Celtic monks on the Scottish island of Lindisfarne
The emperor Leo III launches the iconoclastic controversy, sending soldiers to smash the great image of Christ over the gateway to his palace
The Venetians for the first time elect their own doge, acting independently of the Byzantine governor in Ravenna
The Venerable Bede, in his monastery at Jarrow, completes his history of the English church and people
The Muslim advance into France is halted when Charles Martel defeats the Arabs between Poitiers and Tours
Boniface, working as a missionary among pagan Germans, makes his headquarters at Mainz
Skilled Chinese paper-makers are captured by the Arabs - beginning the slow westward transmission of the technology of paper
Pope Stephen II anoints Pepin III and his two sons (one of them Charlemagne) in the abbey church of St Denis
An attack on Charlemagne's army, traditionally at the pass of Roncesvalles in the Pyrenees, is later the basis for the Chanson de Roland
Alcuin leaves the palace school at Aachen to become abbot of the monastery of Tours
Scholars in Baghdad begin translating Greek and Syriac texts into Arabic
Nestorian beliefs become the orthodoxy of the Christian community in Persia, spreading from there to India and China
Seafarers colonize New Zealand, the last great island region in the Pacific to be reached by human beings
In St Peter's in Rome, on Christmas Day, pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne emperor - supposedly to Charlemagne's surprise
Pope Leo III consecrates Charlemagne's new palace chapel in Aachen, modelled on San Vitale in Ravenna
The Venetians move their administration from the island of Torcello to the Rialto
The discovery of the supposed remains of the apostle St James makes Santiago de Compostela a new centre of European pilgrimage
